By far, the most common cause is noise-induced hearing loss. Prolonged and/or persistent exposure to loud noises damages the cochlea. The cochlea is a spiral-shaped cavity in the inner ear that is lined with nerve-ends to respond to vibrations. Over time, the cochlea becomes harmed in such a way that it reacts to non-existent external vibration stimuli. People who frequent loud concerts or work in music venues, or people who work with heavy machinery like carpenters and road workers, are commonly afflicted. The best way to prevent damage is to wear earplugs or earmuffs.
In other cases, the ringing sensation is caused by the natural loss of hearing due to aging, Meniere’s disease, head injuries, or even something as simple as wax build-up putting pressure on the inner ear. In rare instances, the ringing sensation can be caused by high blood pressure, which leads to what’s known as pulsatile tinnitus.